2023-11-09 14:38
(supersedes all previous editions)
Sanmac® 316/316L is a molybdenum-alloyed austenitic chromium-nickel steel with improved machinability. The grade is used for a wide range of industrial applications where steels of types ASTM 304/304L have insufficient corrosion resistance.
Typical applications for Sanmac® 316/316L are machined parts as fittings and flanges and components for valves and pumps.
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤0.030 | 0.3 | 1.8 | ≤0.040 | ≤0.030 | 17 | 10 | 2.1 |
Sanmac® 316/316L is used for a wide range of industrial applications where steels of type AISI 304/304L have insufficient corrosion resistance.
Typical examples are: Machined parts for tube and pipe fittings, valves, components for pumps, heat exchangers and vessels, different tubular shafts
in chemical, petrochemical, fertilizer, pulp and paper and power industries as well as in the production of pharmaceuticals, foods and beverages.
Industrial categories | Typical applications |
---|---|
Chemical industry
|
Flanges
|
Food industry
|
Valves
|
Petrochemical industry
|
Fittings
|
Pulp & paper industry
|
Couplings
|
Rings
|
|
Seals
|
|
Bolts and Nuts
|
|
Shafts
|
|
Discs
|
|
Sanmac® 316/316L has good resistance to:
Sanmac® 316/316L has a low carbon content and therefore good resistance to intergranular corrosion.
Austenitic steels are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. This may occur at temperatures above about 60°C (140°F) if the steel is subjected to tensile stresses and at the same time comes into contact with certain solutions, particularly those containing chlorides. In applications demanding high resistance to stress corrosion cracking, austenitic- ferritic steels, e.g Sanmac® 2205 or SAF™ 2507, have higher resistance to stress corrosion cracking than 316L.
Resistance to these types of corrosion improves with increasing molybdenum content. Thus, the molybdenum-alloyed Sanmac® 316L/316L has substantially higher resistance to attack than steels of type AISI 304 and 304L.
Sanmac® 316/316L can be used in
Creep behavior should also be taken into account when using the steel in the creep range. In flue gases containing sulphur, the corrosion resistance is reduced. In such environments the steel can be used at temperatures up to 600–750°C (1110–1380°F) depending on service conditions. Factors to consider are whether the atmosphere is oxidizing or reducing, i.e. the oxygen content, and whether impurities such as sodium and vanadium are present.
Finishes and dimensions
Sanmac® 316/316L bar steel is stocked in a large number of sizes. The standard size range for stock comprises 40-450 mm.
Round bar is supplied in solution annealed and peel turned condition.
Lengths
Bars are delivered in random lengths of 3-7 m, depending on diameter.
Diameter mm |
Height of arch, mm/m Typical value |
---|---|
20 - 70 | 1 |
> 70 | 2 |
Diameter, mm
|
Tolerances, mm
|
---|---|
40-45
|
-0/+0.16
|
50-70
|
-0/+0.19
|
75-95
|
-0/+1.00
|
100-285
|
-0/+1.50
|
290-350
|
-0/+2.00
|
360-450
|
-0/+3.00
|
Surface
conditions |
Ra, µm
Typical value |
Size, diameter, mm
|
---|---|---|
Peeled and burnished
|
1
|
20-285
|
Peel turned | 2 | >285 - 350 |
Rough machined
|
5
|
>350
|
Sanmac® 316/316L bars are delivered in solution annealed condition.
Solution annealing
1040–1100°C (1900–2010°F), rapid cooling in air or water.
Bar steel is tested in delivery condition.
Proof strength | Tensile strength | Elong. | Contr. | HB | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rp0.2a) | Rp1.0a) | Rm | Ab) | Z | |
MPa | MPa | MPa | % | % | |
≥205 | ≥240 | 515-690 | ≥40 | ≥50 | ≤215 |
Proof strength | Tensile strength | Elong. | Contr. | HB | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rp0.2a) | Rp1.0a) | Rm | Ab) | Z | |
ksi | ksi | ksi | % | % | |
≥29.5 | ≥35 | 74.5-100 | ≥40 | ≥50 | ≤215 |
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
a) Rp0.2 and Rp1.0 corresponds to 0.2% offset and 1.0% offset yield strength, respectively.
b) Based on L0 = 5.65ÖS0 , where L0 is the original gauge length and S0 the original cross-section area.
Due to its austenitic microstructure, Sanmac® 316/316L has very good impact strength both at room temperature and at cryogenic temperatures.
Tests have demonstrated that the steel fulfils the requirements (60 J (44 ft-lb) at -196 oC (-320 oF)) according to the European standards prEN13445-2(UFPV-2) and EN 10272.
Temperature | Proof strength | Tensile strength | |
---|---|---|---|
°C | Rp.02 | Rp1.0 | Rm |
MPa | MPa | MPa | |
min. | min. | min. | |
100 | 165 | 200 | 430 |
200 | 137 | 165 | 390 |
300 | 119 | 145 | 380 |
400 | 108 | 135 | 380 |
500 | 100 | 128 | 360 |
Temperature | Proof strength | Tensile strength | |
---|---|---|---|
°F | Rp.02 | Rp1.0 | Rm |
ksi | ksi | ksi | |
min. | min. | min. | |
200 | 24.0 | 29.0 | 62.4 |
400 | 19.8 | 23.9 | 56.6 |
600 | 17.3 | 21.0 | 55.1 |
800 | 15.7 | 19.6 | 55.1 |
1000 | 14.5 | 18.6 | 52.2 |
Relativ magnetic permeability < 2,1
Density: 8.0 g/cm3 , 0.29 lb/in3
Thermal conductivity
Temperature | Temperature | ||
---|---|---|---|
°C | W/m °C | °F | Btu/ft h °F |
20 | 14 | 68 | 8 |
100 | 15 | 200 | 8.5 |
200 | 17 | 400 | 10 |
300 | 18 | 600 | 10.5 |
400 | 20 | 800 | 11.5 |
500 | 21 | 1000 | 12.5 |
600 | 23 | 1100 | 13 |
Specific heat capacity
Temperature | Temperature | ||
---|---|---|---|
°C | J/kg °C | °F | Btu/lb °F |
20 | 485 | 68 | 0.11 |
100 | 500 | 200 | 0.12 |
200 | 515 | 400 | 0.12 |
300 | 525 | 600 | 0.13 |
400 | 540 | 800 | 0.13 |
500 | 555 | 1000 | 0.13 |
600 | 575 | 1100 | 0.14 |
Thermal expansion, mean values in temperature ranges (x10-6)
Temperature | Temperature | ||
---|---|---|---|
°C | Per °C | °F | Per °F |
30-100 | 16.5 | 86-200 | 9.5 |
30-200 | 17 | 86-400 | 9.5 |
30-300 | 17.5 | 86-600 | 10 |
30-400 | 18 | 86-800 | 10 |
30-500 | 18 | 86-1000 | 10 |
30-600 | 18.5 | 86-1200 | 10.5 |
30-700 | 18.5 | 86-1400 | 10.5 |
Modulus of elasticity, (x103)
Temperature | Temperature | ||
---|---|---|---|
°C | MPa | °F | ksi |
20 | 200 | 68 | 29.0 |
100 | 194 | 200 | 28.2 |
200 | 186 | 400 | 26.9 |
300 | 179 | 600 | 25.8 |
400 | 172 | 800 | 24.7 |
500 | 165 | 1000 | 23.5 |
Hot working should be carried out at a material temperature of 900-1200°C (1650-2190°F).
Hot-working of SANMAC® 316/316L shall be followed by rapid cooling in air or in water. If additional heat treatment is needed it should be carried out in accordance with the recommendations given for heat treatment.
Sanmac is our trademark for the Alleima machinability concept. In SANMAC materials, machinability has been improved without jeopardising properties such as corrosion resistance and mechanical strength.
The improved machinability is owing to:
Detailed recommendations for the choice of tools and cutting data regarding turning, thread cutting, parting/grooving, drilling, milling and sawing are provided in the brochure S-029-ENG. Figure 1 shows the ranges within data should be chosen in order to obtain a tool life of minimum 10 minutes when machining austenitic SANMAC materials (304/304L, 316/316L). The ranges are limited in the event of low feeds because of unacceptable chip breaking. In the case of high cutting speeds, plastic deformation is the most dominant cause of failure.
When feed increases and the cutting speed falls, edge frittering (chipping) increases significantly. The diagram is applicable for short cutting times. For long, continuous cuts, the cutting speeds should be reduced somewhat.
[bild] | Figure 1. Machining chart SANMAC® 316/316L. |
The lowest recommended cutting speed is determined by the tendency of the material to stick to the insert (built-up-edge), although the integrity of insert clamping and the stability of the machine are also of great significance.
It is important to conclude which wear mechanism is active, in order to optimise cutting data with the aid of the diagram.
Recommended insert and cutting data (starting values)
Insert |
Grade | Cutting data Feed |
Cutting speed | Application |
---|---|---|---|---|
mm/rev | m/min | |||
MF | GC2015 | 0.15 | 250 | Finishing, copy turning |
MM | GC2015 | 0.30 | 225 | Medium machining |
MM | GC2025 | 0.30 | 195 | Medium-to-rough machining under less stable conditions |
The weldability of SANMAC® 316/316L is good. Suitable methods of fusion welding are manual metal-arc welding (MMA/SMAW) and gas-shielded arc welding, with the TIG/GTAW method as first choice.
Since this material is alloyed in such a way to improve its machinability, the amount of surface oxides on the welded beads might be higher compared to that of the standard 316L steels. This may lead to arc instability during TIG/GTAW welding, especially welding without filer material. However, the welding behavior of this material is the same as for standard 316L steels when welding with filler material.
For SANMAC® 316/316L, heat input of <2.0 kJ/mm and interpass temperature of <150°C (300°F) are recommended. Preheating and post-weld heat treatment are normally not necessary.
IG/GTAW or MIG/GMAW welding
ISO 14343 S 19 12 3 L / AWS A5.9 ER316L (e.g. Exaton 19.12.3.L)
MMA/SMAW welding
ISO 3581 E 19 12 3 L R / AWS A5.4 E316L-17(e.g. Exaton 19.12.3.LR)
Disclaimer: Recommendations are for guidance only, and the suitability of a material for a specific application can be confirmed only when we know the actual service conditions. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without notice. This datasheet is only valid for Alleima materials.