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Datasheet updated

2025-05-09 06:38
(supersedes all previous editions)

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Alleima® 3R65 is a molybdenum-alloyed austenitic stainless chromium-nickel steel with a low carbon content.

Standards

  • ASTM: TP316L, TP316
  • UNS: S31603, S31600
  • EN Number: 1.4404, 1.4401
  • EN Name: X2CrNiMo17-12-2, X5CrNiMo17-12-2
  • W.Nr.: 1.4404, 1.4401
  • DIN: X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2, X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2
  • SS: 2348
  • AFNOR: Z 2 CND 17.12, Z 6 CND 17.11
  • BS: 316S11

Product standards

  • ASTM A213, A269, A312
  • EN 10216-5
  • BS 3605, BS 3606
  • DIN 17456, 17458
  • NFA 49-117, 49-217
  • SS 14 23 48

Chemical composition (nominal)

Chemical composition (nominal) %
C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo
≤0.030 0.4 1.7 ≤0.040 ≤0.015 17 11.5 2.1

Applications

Alleima® 3R65 is used in a wide variety of industrial applications. Typical examples are heat exchangers, condensers, pipelines, cooling and heating coils in the chemical, petrochemical, pulp and paper and food industries.

Corrosion resistance

°General corrosion

Alleima® 3R65 has good resistance to:

  • Organic acids at high concentrations and temperatures, with the exception of formic acid and acids with corrosive contaminants
  • Inorganic acids, e.g. phosphoric acid, at moderate concentrations and temperatures, and sulfuric acid below 20% at moderate temperatures. The steel can also be used in sulfuric acid of concentrations above 90% at low temperature
  • Salt solutions, e.g. sulfates, sulfides and sulfites

Intergranular corrosion

Alleima® 3R65 has a low carbon content and therefore better resistance to intergranular corrosion than other steels of type AISI 316.

Pitting and crevice corrosion

Resistance of these types of corrosion improves with molybdenum content. Alleima® 3R65 has substantially higher resistance to attack than steels of type AISI 304.

Stress corrosion cracking

Austenitic steels are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. Stress corrosion cracking may occur if the steel is simultaneously exposed to the following:
  • Tensile stresses
  • Certain solutions, particularly those containing chlorides
  • Temperatures above 60oC (140oF)
Such service conditions should therefore be avoided. Conditions when plants are shut down must also be considered, as the condensates which are then formed can develop a chloride content that leads to both stress corrosion cracking and pitting.
In applications demanding high resistance to stress corrosion cracking, austenitic-ferritic steels, e.g. SAF™ 2304 or SAF™ 2205 are recommended. See data sheets S-1871-ENG and S-1874-ENG.

Gas corrosion

Alleima® 3R65 can be used in

  • Air up to 850oC (1560oC)
  • Steam up to 750oC (1380oF)
In flue gases containing sulphur, the corrosion resistance is reduced. In such environments Alleima® 3R65 can be used at temperatures up to 600-750°C (1110-1380°F) depending on service conditions. Factors to consider are whether the atmosphere is oxidizing or reducing, i.e. the oxygen content, and whether impurities such as sodium and vanadium are present.

Bending

Annealing after cold bending is not normally necessary, but this point must be decided with regard to the degree of bending and the operating conditions. Heat treatment, if any, should take the form of stress-relieving or solution annealing, see under "Heat treatment".

Hot bending is carried out at 1100-850°C (2010-1560°F) and should be followed by solution annealing.

Forms of supply

Seamless tube and pipe- Finishes and dimensions

Seamless tube and pipe in 3R65 is supplied in dimensions up to 260 mm outside diameter in the solution annealed and white-pickled condition or in the bright-annealed condition.

Other forms of supply

We can also deliver other product forms from stock in a grade corresponding to 316L mainly:

  • Welded tube and pipe
  • Fittings and flanges
  • Bar steel

Heat treatment

The tubes are delivered in heat treated condition. If additional heat treatment is needed after further processing the following is recommended.

Stress relieving

850-950°C (1560-1740°F), 10-15 minutes, cooling in air.

Solution annealing

1000-1100°C (1830-2010°F), 5-20 minutes, rapid cooling in air or water.

Mechanical properties

For tube and pipe with wall thicknesses greater than 10 mm (0.4 in.) the proof strength may fall short of the stated values by about 10 MPa 2 (1.4 ksi).

At 20°C

Metric units
Proof strength Tensile strength Elong. Hardness
Rp0.2a Rp1.0a Rm Ab A2" HRB
MPa MPa MPa % %
≥220 ≥250 515-690 ≥45 ≥35 ≤90

At 68°F

Imperial units
Proof strength Tensile strength Elong. Hardness
Rp0.2a Rp1.0a Rm Ab A2" HRB
ksi ksi ksi % %
≥32 ≥35 75-100 ≥45 ≥35 ≤90

1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
a) Rp0.2 and Rp1.0 correspond to 0.2% offset and 1.0% offset yield strength, respectively.
b) Based on L0 = 5.65 ÖS0 where L0 is the original gauge length and S0 the original cross-section area.

Impact strength

Due to its austenitic microstructure, Alleima® 3R65 has very good impact strength both at room temperature and at cryogenic temperatures.

Tests have demonstrated that the steel fulfils the requirements (60 J (44 ft-lb) at -196 oC (-320 oF)) according to the European standards EN 13445-2 (UFPV-2) and EN 10216-5.

At high temperatures

Temperature Proof strength
°C Rp0.2 Rp1.0
MPa MPa
min. min.
 50  200  230
 100  180  215
 150  165  195
 200  150  180
 250  140  170
 300  130  160
 350  120  150
 400  115  145
 450  115  145
 500  110  140
 550  110  140
600 95 120
Imperial units
Temperature Proof strength
°F Rp0.2 Rp1.0
ksi ksi
min. min.
200 27 32
400 22 26
600 18 24
800 17 21
1000 16 20

Physical properties

Density: 8.0 g/cm3 , 0.29 lb/in3

Thermal conductivity
Temperature, °C W/m °C Temperature, °F Btu/ft h °F
20 14 68 8
100 15 200 8.5
200 17 400 10
300 18 600 10.5
400 20 800 11.5
500 21 1000 12.5
600 23 1100 13
Specific heat capacity
Temperature, °C J/kg °C Temperature, °F Btu/lb °F
20 485 68 0.11
100 500 200 0.12
200 515 400 0.12
300 525 600 0.13
400 540 800 0.13
500 555 1000 0.13
600 575 1100 0.14
Thermal expansion 1)
Temperature, °C Per °C Temperature, °F Per °F
30-100 16.5 86-200 9.5
30-200 17 86-400 9.5
30-300 17.5 86-600 10
30-400 18 86-800 10
30-500 18 86-1000 10
30-600 18.5 86-1200 10.5
30-700 18.5 86-1400 10.5

1) Mean values in temperature ranges (x10-6)

Modulus of elasticity 1)
Temperature, °C MPa Temperature, °F ksi
20 200 68 29.0
100 194 200 28.2
200 186 400 26.9
300 179 600 25.8
400 172 800 24.7
500 165 1000 23.5

1) (x103)

Welding

The weldability of Alleima® 3R65 is good. Welding must be carried out without preheating and subsequent heat treatment is normally not required. Suitable methods of fusion welding are manual metal-arc welding (MMA/SMAW) and gas-shielded arc welding, with the TIG/GTAW method as first choice.

For Alleima® 3R65, heat input of <2.0 kJ/mm and interpass temperature of <150°C (300°F) are recommended.

Recommended filler metals

TIG/GTAW or MIG/GMAW welding

ISO 14343 S 19 12 3 L / AWS A5.9 ER316L (e.g. Exaton 19.12.3.L)

MMA/SMAW welding

ISO 3581 E 19 12 3 L R / AWS A5.4 E316L-17(e.g. Exaton 19.12.3.LR)

ISO 14343 S 19 12 3 L / AWS A5.9 ER316L (e.g. Exaton 19.12.3.L) wire or strip electrodes are recommended for overlay welding of tube sheets and high-pressure vessels in cases where corrosion resistance, equal to that of Alleima® 3R65, is required.

Machining

Alleima® 3R65 has good machining properties. Tool and cutting data recommendations are the same as for steel 3R60 in brochure S-1462-ENG.

Disclaimer: Recommendations are for guidance only, and the suitability of a material for a specific application can be confirmed only when we know the actual service conditions. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without notice. This datasheet is only valid for Alleima materials.