Alleima® 6R35 is an austenitic, titanium-stabilized stainless chromium-nickel steel. It is suitable for wet-corrosive service but also has good mechanical strength at high temperatures.
Standards
- ASTM: TP321, TP321H
- UNS: S32100, S32109
- EN Number: 1.4541, 1.4940
- EN Name: X6CrNiTi18-10, X7CrNiTi18-10
- W.Nr.: 1.4541, 1.4878
- DIN: X6CrNiTi 18 10, X12CrNiTi 18 9
- SS: 2337
- AFNOR: Z6CNT18-10
- BS: 321S31, 321S51
Product standards
Seamless tube and pipe
- ASTM A213, A312, A269, A376, (A511)
- EN 10216-5
- BS 3059, 3605, 3606
- DIN 17456, 17458
- SS 14 23 37
- NFA 49-117, 49-217
Approvals
PED (Pressure Equipment Directive) 2014/68/EU and AD2000
Chemical composition (nominal)
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.05 | 0.5 | 1.3 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.015 | 17.5 | 10.5 |
Ti=>5xC
Applications
Good resistance to hydrogen sulfide gas and intergranular corrosion coupled with good high temperature strength make Alleima® 6R35 a suitable material for applications as tubes in heating furnaces and heat exchangers in sulfurization and hydro-treating plants. In the petrochemical industry the steel is used in cracking furnaces for the production of ethylene and vinyl chloride. It is also frequently used for heat exchangers and piping in the chemical and petrochemical industries.
Corrosion resistance
General corrosion
Alleima® 6R35 has with some limitations (nitric acid) the same resistance as the unstabilized steel ASTM 304. Consequently, the grades have good resistance to
- Organic acids at moderate temperatures
- Salt solutions, e.g. sulfates, sulfides and sulfites
- Caustic environments at moderate temperatures
Intergranular corrosion
The stabilization with titanium gives Alleima 6R35 improved resistance to intergranular corrosion.
Pitting and crevice corrosion
Pitting and crevice corrosion may occur even in solutions of relatively low chloride content. However, the stabilization with titanium results in a somewhat better resistance than that of ASTM 304.
Stress corrosion cracking
Austenitic steels, like Alleima® 6R35 are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. This may occur at temperatures above about 60°C (140°F), if the material is subjected to tensile stresses and at the same time comes into contact with certain solutions, particularly those containing chlorides. Such service conditions should therefore be avoided. Conditions when plants are shut down must also be considered as the condensates which are then formed can develop a chloride content that leads to both stress corrosion cracking and pitting.
In applications demanding high resistance to stress corrosion cracking we recommend the austenitic-ferritic steel SAF™ 2304.
Gas corrosion
Alleima® 6R35 can be used in:
- Air up to 850°C (1560°F)
- Steam up to 750°C (1380°F)
- Synthesis gas (ammonia synthesis) up to about 550°C (1020°F)
Creep should also be taken into account when using the steel in the creep range.
In flue gases containing sulfur, the corrosion resistance is reduced. in such environments this steel can be used at temperatures up to 600-750°C (1110-1380°F) depending on service conditions. Factors to consider are whether the atmosphere is oxidizing or reducing, i.e. the oxygen content, and whether impurities such as sodium and vanadium are present.
Bending
Annealing after cold bending is not normally necessary, but this point must be decided with regard to the degree of bending and the operating conditions. Heat treatment, if any, should take the form of stress-relieving or solution annealing.
Hot bending is carried out at 1100-850°C (2010-1560°F) and should be followed by solution annealing.
Forms of supply
Seamless tube and pipe-Finishes and dimensions
Seamless tube and pipe in Alleima® 6R35 is supplied in dimensions up to 260 mm outside diameter in the solution-annealed and white-pickled condition or solution-annealed in a bright-annealing process.
Hollow bar
Hollow bars are supplied solution-annealed and white-pickled.
Sizes in stock
Seamless tube and pipe
Seamless tube and pipe are stocked in a wide range of sizes according to ISO and ANSI both in hot extruded as well as in the cold finished and annealed condition. Details of our manufacturing and stock programme are given in catalogue S-110-ENG.
Hollow bar
Hollow bar is stocked in large number of sizes. Our standard size range for stock comprises 32-250 mm (1.3-9.8 in.) O.D. See catalogue S-110-ENG.
Heat treatment
The tubes are normally delivered as described above. If additional heat treatment is needed after further processing the following is recommended.
Solution annealing
Tp 321
1040-1100 °C (1905-2010 °F), 2-5 min, rapid cooling in air or water.
Tp321H
Stabilization treatment: 1040-1100 °C (1920-2010 °F), 2-5 min rapid cooling in air or water. However, annealing above 1100°C (2010 °F) may be required in order to meet grain size requirements. This treatment should be followed by a stabilization treatment.
Stress relieving
850-950 °C (1560-1740 °F), 10-15 minutes, cooling in air.
Mechanical properties
At 20°C (68°F)
| Proof strength | Tensile strength | Elong. | Hardness | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rp0.2a) | Rp1.0a) | Rm | Ab) | HRB | |||
| MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | % | |
| ≥210 | ≥30 | ≥240 | ≥35 | 515-690 | 75-100 | ≥35c) | ≤90 |
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2
a) Rp0.2 and Rp1.0 correspond to 0.2% offset and 1.0% offset yield strength, respectively.
b) Based on L0 = 5.65 √S0 where L0 is the original gauge length and S0 the original cross-section area.
c) NFA 49-117 and NFA 49–217 with min 45% can be fulfilled.
Impact strength
Due to its austenitic microstructure, Alleima® 6R35 has very good impact strength both at room temperature and at cryogenic temperatures.
Tests have demonstrated that the steel fulfils the requirements (60 J (44 ft-lb) at -196 oC (-320 oF)) according to the European standards EN 13445-2 (UFPV-2) and EN 10216-5.
At high temperatures
| Temperature | Proof strength c) | |
|---|---|---|
| Rp0.2 | Rp1.0 | |
| °C | MPa | MPa |
| min | min | |
| 50 | 195 | 230 |
| 100 | 180 | 210 |
| 150 | 170 | 195 |
| 200 | 160 | 185 |
| 250 | 150 | 180 |
| 300 | 140 | 175 |
| 350 | 135 | 170 |
| 400 | 130 | 165 |
| 450 | 130 | 165 |
| 500 | 125 | 160 |
| 550 | 125 | 160 |
| 600 | 120 | 155 |
| Temperature | Proof strength c) | |
|---|---|---|
| Rp0.2 | Rp1.0 | |
| °F | ksi | ksi |
| min | min | |
| 200 | 26.0 | 30.5 |
| 400 | 22.5 | 26.5 |
| 600 | 19.5 | 25.0 |
| 800 | 18.5 | 23.5 |
| 1000 | 17.5 | 23.0 |
| 1100 | 17.0 | 22.0 |
c) For extruded tube and pipe with wall thickness greater than 10 mm (0.4 in.) the proof strength may fall short of the stated value by 20 MPa (2.9 ksi) at 100°C (200°F) and by 10 MPa (1.4 ksi) in the temperature range 200-600°C (400-1100°F).
| Temperature | 10 000 h | 100 000 h | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| °C | °F | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi |
| approx. | approx. | approx. | approx. | ||
| 550 | 1020 | 234 | 34.0 | 184 | 26.7 |
| 575 | 1065 | 175 | 25.4 | 126 | 18.3 |
| 600 | 1110 | 143 | 20.7 | 94 | 13.6 |
| 625 | 1155 | 110 | 16.0 | 75 | 10.9 |
| 650 | 1200 | 90 | 13.1 | 58 | 8.4 |
| 675 | 1245 | 76 | 11.0 | 48 | 7.0 |
| 700 | 1290 | 59 | 8.6 | 39 | 5.7 |
| 750 | 1380 | 29 | 4.2 | 16 | 2.3 |
Physical properties
Density: 7.9 g/cm3, 0.29 lb/in3
| Temperature, °C | W/m °C | Temperature, °F | Btu/ft h °F |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 14 | 68 | 8 |
| 100 | 15 | 200 | 8.5 |
| 200 | 17 | 400 | 10 |
| 300 | 19 | 600 | 11 |
| 400 | 21 | 800 | 12 |
| 500 | 22 | 1000 | 13 |
| 600 | 24 | 1200 | 14 |
| 700 | 25 | 1400 | 15 |
| 800 | 26 | 1600 | 16 |
| 900 | 28 | 1800 | 16.5 |
| 1000 | 29 | 2000 | 17.5 |
| 1100 | 30 |
| Temperature, °C | J/kg °C | Temperature, °F | Btu/lb °F |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 465 | 68 | 0.11 |
| 100 | 490 | 200 | 0.12 |
| 200 | 515 | 400 | 0.12 |
| 300 | 540 | 600 | 0.13 |
| 400 | 560 | 800 | 0.14 |
| 500 | 580 | 1000 | 0.14 |
| 600 | 595 | 1200 | 0.14 |
| 700 | 610 | 1400 | 0.15 |
| 800 | 625 | 1600 | 0.15 |
| 900 | 640 | 1800 | 0.16 |
| 1000 | 650 | 2000 | 0.16 |
| 1100 | 665 |
| Temperature, °C | Per °C | Temperature, °F | Per °F |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30-100 | 17.5 | 86-200 | 9.5 |
| 30-200 | 17.5 | 86-400 | 10 |
| 30-300 | 18 | 86-600 | 10 |
| 30-400 | 18 | 86-800 | 10 |
| 30-500 | 18.5 | 86-1000 | 10.5 |
| 30-600 | 18.5 | 86-1200 | 10.5 |
| 30-700 | 19 | 86-1300 | 10.5 |
1) Mean values in temperature ranges (x10-6)
| Temperature, °C | MPa | Temperature, °F | ksi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 200 | 68 | 29.0 |
| 100 | 194 | 200 | 28.2 |
| 200 | 186 | 400 | 26.9 |
| 300 | 179 | 600 | 25.8 |
| 400 | 172 | 800 | 24.7 |
| 500 | 165 | 1000 | 23.5 |
1) (x103)
Welding
Welding
The weldability of Alleima® 6R35 is good. Welding must be carried out without preheating and subsequent heat treatment is normally not required. Suitable methods of fusion welding are manual metal-arc welding (MMA/SMAW) and gas-shielded arc welding, with the TIG/GTAW method as first choice.
For Alleima® 6R35, heat input of <1.5 kJ/mm and interpass temperature of <150°C (300°F) are recommended.
Recommended filler metals
TIG/GTAW or MIG/GMAW welding
ISO 14343 S 19 9 Nb / AWS A5.9 ER347 (e.g. Exaton 19.9.Nb)
MMA/SMAW welding
ISO 3581 E 19 9 Nb R / AWS A5.4 E347-17(e.g. Exaton 19.9.NbR )
ISO 14343 S 19 9 Nb / AWS A5.9 ER347 (e.g. Exaton 19.9.LNb) wire or strip electrodes are recommended for overlay welding of tube sheets and high-pressure vessels in cases where corrosion resistance, equal to that of Alleima 6R35, is required.
Machining
Alleima® 6R35 has good machining properties. Please contact Alleima for detailed recommendations on the choice of tools and cutting data.
Disclaimer: Recommendations are for guidance only, and the suitability of a material for a specific application can be confirmed only when we know the actual service conditions. Continuous development may necessitate changes in technical data without notice. This datasheet is only valid for Alleima materials.